Now you may be wondering, if ISO files are so poorly suited for creating bootable USB media, why are most operating system distributors out there providing ISO files instead of DD Images. Thus, we have established that ISO files are actually poorly suited to create bootable USB media because they are the equivalent of providing a round peg to fit a smaller square hole, and therefore, the round peg must be altered to fit it. For the record, in Rufus terminology, a 1:1 copy on USB media is called a DD Image (you can see that option in the list) and some distributions, like FreeBSD or Raspbian, actually provide DD Images for USB installation, alongside ISO files for CD/DVD burning. That is not to say that this kind of 1:1 copying cannot exist on USB media, just that 1:1 copies on USB media will be completely different from 1:1 copies on optical discs and are therefore not interchangeable (outside of using ISOHybrid images that are crafted to work as 1:1 copies on USB and optical media both). So, if you have an ISO file, you simply cannot do with USB media what you can do with an optical disc, which is read from every single byte of the ISO file and copied as is, in sequence, onto the disc (what CD/DVD burner applications do when “working” with ISO files). An ISO file is a 1:1 copy of an optical disc, and optical disc media are very different from USB media, both in terms of how their boot loaders should be structured, what file system they use, how they are partitioned (they are not), and so on. To start with, you have to understand that the ISO format was never designed for USB booting. First of all, a lot of the options you mention are only listed when running Rufus in Advanced Mode (when the Advanced Options Section is displayed), because they are intended for people who already know what they are for. Could someone explain the difference between the two and maybe give a brief overview of the different options? Now when it comes to USB drives, you have lots of options.
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